Introduction: This research investigated the effects of violent and football video games on cognitive functions, cortisol levels, and brain waves. Methods: A total of 64 participants competed in a single-elimination tournament. Saliva samples of all players were obtained before and after the games for the assessment of cortisol levels. The cognitive performances of the players were also assessed by paced auditory serial addition test. Moreover, the electroencephalogram recording was conducted during the games. Results: The results showed that salivary cortisol levels significantly decreased after playing both games. Also, playing the football game increased reaction time, whereas decreased sustained attention and mental fatigue. Conclusion: Conversely, following playing a violent game, the reaction time decreased, and sustained attention and mental fatigue increased. Furthermore, the results of the EEG recording revealed that playing a violent game engaged more brain regions than the football game. In conclusion, playing violent game more effectively improved cognitive performances in the players than the football game.

The term "Game GIS” implies to real spatially enabled games in which a special part of the world is virtually simulated, represented and managed. In fact, game GIS is an integrated system consists of video games and geographical information systems, aimed to simulate and representing spatially enabled environment. The achieved result of implementing a game GIS service can be exploited before a crisis for wise designing of a city and diminution of the aftermath casualties. As the decision making process plays the key role to reduce the losses, the need arises for using the models as much as close to the reality. By this, it is possible to use the virtual world in in the form of a game rather than experiencing the real world with real wounded and killed persons in. This enables us to recognize and manage a test environment for promoting the managing the real environment of a city during and before a natural hazard disaster like an earthquake.  ...

Dental diseases in children have high prevalence the purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of oral health game on brushing skill and plaque score of school children. A Quasi-experimental study was carried on 220 subjects randomly and sampling was done on the fourth grade's girl students. A checklist was used to measuring the brushing skill and plaque score. t. test showed that there is a significant statistical difference between two groups brushing skill (P= 0.000) and plaque score (P= 0.000). The effectiveness of oral health game was 96.9% in brushing skill and the plaque score to 14.7%.  

The rent resulting from the sale of oil and its allocation to social welfare, security and also strengthening the capacity of the government can help to improve the level of peace in a country (buying peace through oil rent). On the other hand, oil rent may lead to the weakening of social security, the creation of conflicts and a high degree of militarization through various channels, which results in an increase in violence in societies. Based on this, the main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of oil rent on peace level in oil exporting countries during the period of 2010-2020. For this purpose, by using the theoretical literature and using the threshold panel method, the factors affecting the global peace index (GPI) have been modeled along with the oil rent. The results show that the effect of oil rent on the peace index is non-linear and in the form of a U-inverted relationship. The threshold value of oil rent is also estimated at 36% of GDP. In other words, before the threshold level, the share of oil rent in GDP had a positive and significant effect on the peace index; But after crossing this threshold level, the share of oil rent in GDP has a negative and significant effect on the peace index in the studied countries. Based on other results, per capita income, degree of economic openness, life expectancy and democracy have a positive and significant effect on the level peace in oil exporting countries.

undoubtedly one of the most important trustworthy obligations is restoration of deposit, and trustworthy is obliged to restoration it as soon as expiration of time or to ask depositor or forcible dissolution of trust contract and it’s sanction is changing trust possession to responsibility possession.sometimes is taken deposit by force form depository ,so legislator allow him to litigate against usurper and retake whatever lost and yet depositor is free to accept or reject what depository receive from usurper.In this essay we investigate the job that depository through its can to litigate against usurper and also consider discussions about it. The synopsis of research is: 1-the trustworthy has legal representation in litigation and depositor referral to usurper is possible if the received compensation by depository being disagree with depositor rights In terms of kind (Fungible or Qyym) or amount (provided it be less than damage) or stuff (more Inferior than what depredated) 2- trustworthy possession against usurper than what received is trust and kind of commitment to the result.

Many researches had done regarding the effects of video and computer games on aggressive feelings and behaviours which showed disparate results. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to examine the meta-analysis effect of violent and non-violent games on aggressive feelings and behaviours. The statistical population included all researches related publish in English and Persian done from 2002 up to 2012. The sampling method was a targeted one to make the required comparisons possible for answering research questions. That is, the comparison of the degree of effect between experimental and nonexperimental researches, between violent and non-violent games and to study the effect of increasing the amount of time of computer games on the degree of aggression. Having evaluated the accuracy and strength of researches by consulting three judges, 30 researches were selected for final study. Researches were classified into experimental and non-experimental ones, and the games were also divided into violent and non-violent ones. The results showed that the degree of effect for three variables was 0.21 for aggressive behaviour, 0.23 for aggressive feelings, and .29 for biological arousal. By comparing experimental with non-experimental researches, the obtained degree of effect was meaningful. That is, experimental researches showed more effect degree. By increasing the duration of game, the effect degree reduced in all three mentioned dependent variable, and the amount of effect degree was more in violent games than non-violent ones.